Neem
Abstract
The divine tree neem tree (Azadirachta indica) is principally cultivated within the Indian landmass. Neem has been used extensively by world to treat varied ailments before the provision of written records that recorded the start of history. The world health organization estimates that eightieth of the population living within the developing countries depends completely on ancient medication for his or her primary health care. More than half the world's population still depends entirely on plants for medicines, and plants provide the active ingredients of most ancient medical merchandise. The review shows the neem tree has been employed by human race to treat varied ailments from prehistoric culture to modern.
Neem is Associate in Nursing almighty tree and a sacred gift of nature. Neem tree is especially cultivated within the Indian landmass. Neem could be a member of the Meliaceae, Meliaceae. Today it's best-known by the biology name neem (A. indica) A. Juss. Neem has been used extensively by humankind to treat various ailments before the availability of written records which recorded the beginning of history. Since prehistoric times, neem tree has been employed by human race.
The latinized name of neem tree, neem tree, springs from the Persian. Azad means “free”; dirakht means “tree”; i-Hind means “of Indian origin”. Hence it virtually suggests that “the free tree of India”[1]. The nim tree is an unbelievable plant that has been declared the “Tree of the twenty first century” by the United Nations[2]. The US National Academy of Science published a report in 1992 entitled “Neem: A tree for solving global problems”
2. Neem during prehistoric times
The age of the world is (4.54±0.05) billion years. Plants from the supercontinent spread onto the land 475 million years ago. Anatomically modern humans inhabited 200 000 years ago[4]. Pangaea was a supercontinent that existed throughout the late Paleozoic era and early Mesozoic eras, forming concerning three hundred million years agone. The name continent springs from Ancient Greek pan which means “entire”, and Gaia meaning “earth”. The single international ocean that encircled Pangea is consequently named Panthalassa[5].
Pangaea broke into two pieces, one in the north, and the other in the south (Figure 1)[5]. Scientists known as the 2 new continents continent (the continent within the north), and Gondwanaland (the continent within the south).
The concept of Lemuria was born in the 1860s when certain British geologists noted the striking similarity between rock formations and fossils found in India and Africa. Maps of the lost land were produced taking the idea from the palaeo-continent of Gondwana that existed from approximately 510 to 180 million years ago
It separated from continent 200-180 million years agone throughout the breakup of Pangea. Two hundred million years agone, the continents of Antarctica, South America, Africa, India and Australia were joined together as a single supercontinent known as Gondwana, or Gondwanaland[6].
In the research of Joseph, the existence of a land is called Lemuria, which is one of the world's oldest civilizations about 2.0 lakhs years ago[7]. Due to tsunami, people regularly moved from the Island Mu to Atlantis in Mexican Sea and Kumari Kandam in Indian Ocean about 100 000 years ago (Figures 3–5)[8]–[10].
Kumari Kandam is said to have been located in the Indian Ocean, to the south of present day Kanyakumari district, Tamil Nadu at the southern tip of India[10]. There are certain references in Tamil Sangam (Sangam literature) classics to a landmass where people lived and which was swallowed up by the sea. The literary references of the lost land were about three Tamil Sangams (Academy of poets). The other which means of Sangams is assemblies of siddhars.
First two Sangams taking place in a sunken land mass was called Kumari Kandam. The first Tamil Sangam located in Thenmadurai, had 4 449 poets and 549 members including the father of Siddha medicine Agathiyar and lasted for 4 440 years. The head of Sangam was Agathiyar.
Agathiyar specialized in medicine, language, alchemy and spirituality. Siddhars were the great scientists of ancient days. After the ocean enveloped Thenmadurai, the capital was shifted to Kaptapuram. The second Sangam functioned for 3 700 years and had 59 members, with 3 700 poets participating. This city was also submerged in the sea. The capital was shifted to the present Madurai. Here the third Sangam was established and functioned for 1 850 years. The academy had 49 members, and 449 poets were described as having participated in the Sangam[12]. The Tamil Sangam classics check with a inhabited land Kumari Kandam, which was submerged in the sea.
Siddha medication is one in all the oldest medical systems known to mankind[13]. Its origin goes back to 10 000 B.C to 4 000 B.C. As per the textual and archeological evidences which indicated the remote antiquity of the Dravidian civilization of the erstwhile submerged land Kumari Kandam, situated in the Indian Ocean. Kumari Kandam civilization went back to 50 000 B.C. The Siddha system of medicine (traditional Tamil system of medicine), which has been prevalent in the ancient Tamil land, is the foremost of all other medical systems in the world.
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